Decision-making psychology and method under zero-knowledge context

For a certain kind of decision event, the decision maker does not know the internal mechanism and knowledge information of the decision events.When this kind of decision events gives multiple selection branches, it is found that there is a decision psychological tendency to find the most common features by comparing the selection branches. Based on this, a zero-knowledge decision making (ZKDM) method is proposed. By defining the feature points and feature sets of the selection branches of the decision events, the characteristic moments of the system are constructed and the branch with the most common characteristics is obtained. It is observed that through the findings of investigation the probability of arriving at the correct choice based on the ZKDM method is high. The effectiveness of the ZKDM method may be related to the fact that the designers of decision events usually determine the correct selection branch first, before changing it to design other branches. A questionnaire survey of 279 respondents reveals that more than half of them actually adopt such a design idea. Furthermore, a separate questionnaire survey of 465 decision-makers reveal that 19.14% of the respondents clearly adopt ZKDM.

Then, the scope of should be ( D ) when satisfying ( + 1) < (2 ). A. (-∞,-1] B. (0, +∞) C. (-1,0) D.(-∞,0) First, we can find two feature points of the four options: (i) the value of the left endpoint of the interval; (ii) the value of the right endpoint of the interval. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {-∞, 0, -1, -∞}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {-1, +∞, 0, 0}. Second, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (2,3,3,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (3,3,2,2). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (5,6,5,4). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option D is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option D and the correct answer is indeed option D.
3. (National Paper I of Mathematics for Science in Chinese college entrance examination, 2018) Given that the edge length of a cube is 1, and the angle formed by the straight line of each edge and a plane α is equal, then the maximum cross-sectional area of α across the cube is ( A ).
A.   First, we can find two feature points of the four options: (i) the denominator; and (ii) the numerator. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {3/4,2/3,3/4,1/2}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {√3，√3，√2，√3} . Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (2,3,2,3). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (1,1,3,1). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (3,4,5,4). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option A is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option A and the correct answer is indeed option A. First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) the symbol; and (ii) the number. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {-, +, +, +}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {1/2,1/3,1/2,1}. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (3,1,1,1). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (2,3,2,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (5,4,3,4). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option C is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option C and the correct answer is indeed option C. (1,e] ∪{e 2 } First, we can find two feature points of the four options : (i) the first interval; and (ii) the second interval. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {(0, 1), (0, 1), (0,e/3], (1,e]}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {(1,e],{e},{e},{e 2 }}. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (2,2,3,3). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (3,2,2,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (5,4,5,6). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option B is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option B and the correct answer is indeed option B.
6. As is shown in the figure, the car moves in a straight line along the horizontal ground. The angle between the suspension line of the ball suspended on the roof of the car and the vertical direction is denoted as θ. An object A with mass m is placed on the floor of the car, and it is relatively stationary with the car. The magnitude and direction of the friction force on object A is ( B ). A. mgsinθ, towards the right B. mgtanθ, towards the right C. mgcosθ, towards the right D. mgtanθ, towards the left First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) the magnitude of the friction force; and (ii) the direction of the friction force. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {mgsinθ, mgtanθ, mgcosθ, mgtanθ}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {right, right, right, left}. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (3,2,3,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (1,1,1,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (4,3,4,5). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option B is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option B and the correct answer is indeed option B.
7. David discovered "laughing gas" (N2O) while studying the effects of gas on the human body. Then, the combined valence of Nitrogen in N2O is ( C ).
First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) the symbol; and (ii) the number. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {none, -, +, +}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {0,1,1,2}. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (3,3,2,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (3,2,2,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (6,5,4,5). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option C is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option C and the correct answer is indeed option C.
8. The way that the blood enters the kidneys and forms urine is First, we can find three feature points for the four options: (ii) the second part of the pathway; (ii) the third part of the pathway; and (iii) the fourth part of the pathway. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {renal capsule, renal tubule, glomerulus, glomerulus}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {glomerulus, renal capsule, renal capsule, renal tubule}. The feature set based on the third feature point is {renal tubule, glomerulus, renal tubule, renal capsule}. The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (3,3,2,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (3,2, 2,3). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the third feature point are (2,3,2,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above three feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all three feature points can be obtained as (8,8,6,8). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option C is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option C and the correct answer is First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) date; and (ii) time. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {February 18, February 19, February 17, February 18}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {4 am,4 am, 4 am, 8pm }. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (2,3,3,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (1,1,1,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (3,4,4,5). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option A is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option A and the correct answer is indeed option A.
10. In modern Chinese history, the country that occupied the most territory of China, and the unequal treaties that opened the most treaty ports and paid the most reparations were Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (2,2,2,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (3,2,2,3). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the third feature point are (1,1,3,1). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above three feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all three feature points can be obtained as (6,5,7,6). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option B is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option B and the correct answer is indeed option B.  1,1,1). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above three feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all three feature points can be obtained as (8,6,5,7). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option C is So the decision-maker should choose option C and the correct answer is indeed option C.
12. It's seven thirty, I B go to school. A. have got B. have got to C. got to D. had got to First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) tense; and (ii) collocation. Then, for each feature point, a feature set was built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {present perfect tense, present perfect tense, past tense, past perfect tense}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {got, got to, got to, got to}. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (2,2,3,3). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (3,1,1,1). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (5,3,4,4). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option B is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option B and the correct answer is indeed option B.
13. She would rather have a room ____B__ than sleep with her sister. A. on her own B. of her own C. of hers D. for her First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) preposition; (2) person. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {on, of, of, for}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {her own, her own, hers, her}. Next, the characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (3,2,2,3). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (2,2,3,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (5,4,5,6). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option B is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option B and the correct answer is indeed option B.
14. I'll never forget the days ___B___ I lived in the country with the farmers, ___ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who First, we can find two feature points for the four options: (i) conjunction of the first subordinate clause; and (ii) conjunction of the second clause. Then, for each feature point, a feature set can be built to describe the features of the four options. The feature set based on the first feature point is {that, when, which, when}. The feature set based on the second feature point is {which, which, that, who}. The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the first feature point are (3,2,3,2). The characteristic moments of the four selection branches based on the second feature point are (2,2,3,3). By summing up the characteristic moments of the above two feature points, the characteristic moments of the system based on the four selection branches of all the two feature points can be obtained as (5,4,6,5). Finally, the system characteristic moment of option B is the smallest. So the decision-maker should choose option B and the correct answer is indeed option B.